- Module 1 General Information
- Module 2 Locating Library Materials
- Module 3 Conducting Effective Web Searches
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- No food or drink allowed in the libraries
- Children under the age of 14 should not be left alone and unattended in the libraries
- Children are not allowed to use computers
- Cell phones should be turned to vibrate if possible and if you receive a call please leave the library so as not to disturb others
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- General Collection
- Reference
- Career
- Children’s Literature
- Videos, DVD, Kits, Audio Books
- eBook
- Periodicals
- Newspapers
- New Books
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- Monday – Thursday 7:30 a.m. – 8:30 p.m.
- Friday - 7:30 - 11:30 a.m.
- Closed Saturday and Sunday
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| Closed nightly during semester breaks and holiday breaks. Any change in hours is posted on the Library doors. |
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Fayette Campus
Sally Middleton - Librarian
Lesley Whitehead - Library Technical Assistant
Maxine Dozier - Evening Library Assistant
Hamilton Campus
Tammy Sanders - Librarian
Jill Preuninger - Library Technical Assistant
Dora Jones
- Evening Library Assistant
Jasper Campus
Rebecca E. Whitten
- Librarian
Kathy Robinson - Library Assistant
Gail Peters - Evening Library Assistant
Sumiton Campus
Tyrone T. Webb -
Assistant Dean for Library/Learning Resources
Mary Harris - Library Technical Assistant
Betty P. Satisfield - Evening Library Assistant
Pickens Co. Educational Center
Nelda Hudgins –Librarian – (part-time)
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How do I get a library card?
BSCC Students/Faculty/Staff
Your student/faculty/staff ID is your library card. ID cards are made in the Office of Student Services. IDs/library cards are valid each semester you are enrolled in college and all returning students must have new ID cards.
BSCC Students
Your ID card is your library card. You will need to come into the library, fill out a library application, and get a barcode put on the back of your ID card.
Community Patrons
All citizens in the counties of the college service areas are entitled to use some of the resources of the BSCC Libraries. You will need to come into the library, fill out a library application, and get a barcode put on the back of your college issued library card.
What materials can I check out?
- Circulating items – BSCC regular collection and special collection
- Reserve materials
- Periodicals and Reference books are in-library use only.
Just how many books can I check out and how long can I keep them?
BSCC Students
Community Patrons
What if I want to keep the book longer?
Renewals are permissible provided someone has not made a request for the item.
What happens if I lose or damage a book?
Books and other materials that are not returned are considered lost after the courtesy period. These items will be billed at the list price that is determined by the library staff. Records, grades, and registration will be delayed until the bill is paid. |
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| Before using the computers in the BSCC libraries, all students, faculty, staff, and community patrons are asked to sign a computer policy. The policy reads as follows: |
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| Each student who wishes to utilize and does in fact utilize the Bevill State Community College Libraries computers will be expected to sign, date, and comply with the BSCC Library Computer Policy Agreement. Failure to sign, date, and comply with this agreement will result in an immediate suspension of all Library privileges. |
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The Library Computer Policy is as follows:
Users must:
- Follow all Library regulations and Conduct Policy.
- Present a valid, updated BSCC Student ID to the library staff member on duty at the front desk. Permission to use Library computers cannot be granted until the ID is presented. Student ID's can be obtained in the Office of Student Services.
- Students are limited to 1 hour of computer usage per day. If additional time is required, students should request additional time from the librarian on duty. Extra time will be granted if machines are available.
- Print legibly all areas of the sign in/out form before using Library computers.
- Use computers for course/school related work only.
- Remain quiet and respectful of other student's right to use Library computers.
Users cannot:
- Chat or date online - which includes instant messaging and viewing pictures/profiles from web sites such as Xanga, MySpace, etc.
- Go to, use, or surf any pornographic, offensive, or racist web sites.
- Play games online.
- Download any programs, watch, or listen to music, or watch non-educational videos.
- Shop online which includes eBay, online catalogs, and other online auction activities.
- Printing is 10 cents per copy. The items printed must be course related. Unauthorized printing is a violation of this policy.
- Bring any type of food or drink, including water, into the Library. All food and liquids must be consumed or discarded before entering the Library. This includes but not limited to bottled and canned drinks. No exceptions!
- Share computers or tutor other students while in the computer area or Library. Please be considerate of others.
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| College cell phone policy states: Cell phones must be turned off while inside the Library and all students must exit the Library to use their cell phone. |
Students are not allowed to download pictures and ring tones from or onto their cell phones in the Library.
Library staff will strictly adhere to a three strike policy. A Bevill State Community College Incident Report will be completed and filed for each violation of the above policy. A student's Library privileges can and will be suspended indefinitely upon the completion and filing of that particular student's third Incident Report. No exceptions for any student, for any reason, will be made. Failure to follow the guidelines of the Library's policy and the College policy will result in the suspension of computer usage. A copy of your signed and dated Library Computer Policy Agreement will be kept on file in the Library for future reference.
By signing the Library Computer Policy Agreement you are in fact agreeing to its terms and usage. |
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If material you are looking for is not available at the BSCC Libraries, we can try to request that material for you from another library by interlibrary loan (ILL). Interlibrary loans are available for BSCC students, faculty, and staff. Community patrons will not be able to use the ILL option.
Both books and periodical articles are available through ILL. However, it must first be determined that the item is not available at BSCC. Full-text periodical articles available through one of our online vendors cannot be requested through ILL. You must print those out either at the library or at home, if you have the capability. You will be charged 5 cents per page for each periodical article obtained via ILL.
Some libraries may charge a fee for interlibrary loans. That fee will be passed on to the patron. Please let staff know before placing interlibrary loans if you are not willing to pay the additional fee.
Interlibrary loans can take approximately 1-2 weeks to arrive, depending on where the lending library is.
When ILLs arrive, you will be contacted by phone or e-mail.
Your material will be held for one week. After a week, if the material is not picked up, it is sent back to the lending library.
Due dates on ILLs vary, usually anywhere from two weeks to a month. We have to make sure that we return them to the lending library before the due date.
If at any time you would like assistance with searching for interlibrary loan material or placing an online hold, feel free to contract the library staff on your campus: |
| Fayette Campus |
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(205) 932-3221 ext. 5136 |
| Hamilton Campus |
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(205) 921-3177 ext. 5336 |
| Jasper Campus |
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(205) 387-0511 ext. 5748 |
| Sumiton Campus |
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(205) 648-3271 ext. 5241 |
| Pickens Co. Educational Center |
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(205) 367-8860 ext. 5633 |
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Bevill State Community College has several professional librarians on staff to meet your reference needs. In house reference services include (both individualized and group) library orientations and tours, computer instruction, database instruction, and assistance in searching for information on various subjects.
Library Online
In order to extend the outreach of the Bevill State Community College Libraries, a Library online is available for all BSCC students, faculty, staff, and community patrons. The Library Helpline is a service designed to answer quick reference questions. The Library invites its patrons to e-mail questions to the following address: www.bscc.edu, and a professional librarian will respond with the appropriate answer during normal business hours.
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| From your home computer or anywhere outside of the library, use the following steps to access: |
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- Go to BSCC home page, www.bscc.edu
- Select the link for the "Library” and choose your library
- Select "Library Catalog."
- Enter words or phrase or other search terms in the search box. Choose type of search and select the "Search" button.
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Books in the Bevill State Community College Libraries are arranged and classified according to the Library of Congress Classification. The letters and titles of the main classes are as follows: |
A - General Works
B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
C - Auxiliary Sciences of History
D - History (General) and History of Europe
E - History: America
F - History: America
G - Geography, anthropology, Recreation
H - Social Sciences
J - Political Science
K - Law
L - Education
M - Music and Books on Music
N - Fine Arts
P - Language and Literature
Q - Science
R - Medicine
S - Agriculture
T - Technology
U - Military Science
V - Naval Science
Z - Bibliography, Library Science, Information Resources (General)
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WHAT ARE SEARCH ENGINES?
Search engines are huge databases of web page files that have been assembled automatically by machine.
There are two types of search engines:
- Individual. Individual search engines compile their own searchable databases on the web.
- Meta. Metasearchers do not compile databases. Instead, they search the databases of multiple sets of individual engines simultaneously.
HOW DO SEARCH ENGINES WORK?
Search engines compile their databases by employing "spiders" or "robots" ("bots") to crawl through web space from link to link, identifying and perusing pages. Sites with no links to other pages may be missed by spiders altogether. Once the spiders get to a web site, they typically index most of the words on the publicly available pages at the site. Web page owners may submit their URLs to search engines for "crawling" and eventual inclusion in their databases.
Whenever you search the web using a search engine, you're asking the engine to scan its index of sites and match your keywords and phrases with those in the texts of documents within the engine's database.
It is important to remember that when you are using a search engine, you are NOT searching the entire web as it exists at this moment. You are actually searching a portion of the web, captured in a fixed index created at an earlier date.
How much earlier? It's hard to say. Spiders regularly return to the web pages they index to look for changes. When changes occur, the index is updated to reflect the new information. However, the process of updating can take a while, depending upon how often the spiders make their rounds and then, how promptly the information they gather is added to the index. Until a page has been both "spidered" AND "indexed," you won't be able to access the new information.
NOTE: While most search engine indexes are not "up to the minute" current, they have partnered with specialized news databases that are. For late breaking news, look for a "news" tab somewhere on the search engine or directory page. Examples include:
WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF SEARCH ENGINES?
Search engines provide access to a fairly large portion of the publicly available pages on the Web, which itself is growing exponentially (see OCLC's statistical page, "How Big Is the Web?")
Search engines are the best means devised yet for searching the web. Stranded in the middle of this global electronic library of information without either a card catalog or any recognizable structure, how else are you going to find what you're looking for?
On the down side, the sheer number of words indexed by search engines increases the likelihood that they will return hundreds of thousands of irrelevant responses to simple search requests. Remember, they will return lengthy documents in which your keyword appears only once.
ARE SEARCH ENGINES ALL THE SAME?
Search engines use selected software programs to search their indexes for matching keywords and phrases, presenting their findings to you in some kind of relevance ranking. Although software programs may be similar, no two search engines are exactly the same in terms of size, speed and content; no two search engines use exactly the same ranking schemes, and not every search engine offers you exactly the same search options. Therefore, your search is going to be different on every engine you use. The difference may not be a lot, but it could be significant. Recent estimates put search engine overlap at approximately 60 percent and unique content at around 40 percent.
HOW DO SEARCH ENGINES RANK WEB PAGES?
In ranking web pages, search engines follow a certain set of rules. These may vary from one engine to another. Their goal, of course, is to return the most relevant pages at the top of their lists. To do this, they look for the location and frequency of keywords and phrases in the web page document and, sometimes, in the HTML META tags. They check out the title field and scan the headers and text near the top of the document. Some of them assess popularity by the number of links that are pointing to sites; the more links, the greater the popularity, i.e., value of the page.
WHEN DO YOU USE SEARCH ENGINES?
Search engines are best at finding unique keywords, phrases, quotes, and information buried in the full-text of web pages. Because they index word by word, search engines are also useful in retrieving tons of documents. If you want a wide range of responses to specific queries, use a search engine.
NOTE: Today, the line between search engines and subject directories is blurring. Search engines no longer limit themselves to a search mechanism alone. Across the Web, they are partnering with subject directories, or creating their own directories, and returning results gathered from a variety of other guides and services as well.
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL SEARCH ENGINES:
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ASSIGNMENT:
Select any two or three of the search engines listed above and search for:
Connecticut compromise
Now try searching for the same subject as a phrase, enclosed in quotes:
"Connecticut compromise" |
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CHECKING THE SOURCE
You can expect to find everything on the web: silly sites, hoaxes, frivolous and serious personal pages, commercials, reviews, articles, full-text documents, academic courses, scholarly papers, reference sources, and scientific reports. How do you sort it all out?
READING WEB ADDRESSES
First, you need to know how to read a web address, or URL (Universal Resource Locator). Let's look at the URL for this tutorial:
http://www.sc.edu/beaufort/library/bones.html
Here's what it all means:
- "http" means hypertext transfer protocol and refers to the format used to transfer and deal with information
- "www" stands for World Wide Web and is the general name for the host server that supports text, graphics, sound files, etc. (It is not an essential part of the address, and some sites choose not to use it)
- "sc" is the second-level domain name and usually designates the server's location, in this case the University of South Carolina
- "edu" is the top-level domain name (see below)
- "beaufort" is the directory name
- "library" is the sub-directory name
- "bones" is the file name
- "html" is the file type and, in this case, stands for hypertext mark-up language (that's the language the computer reads)
Only a few top-level domains are currently recognized, but this is changing. Here is a list of the domains that have been in operation for the past several years and are generally accepted by all:
- .edu -- educational site (usually a university or college)
- .com -- commercial business site
- .gov -- U.S. governmental/non-military site
- .mil -- U.S. military sites and agencies
- .net -- networks, internet service providers, organizations
- .org -- U.S. non-profit organizations and others
In mid November 2000, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) voted to accept an additional seven new suffixes, which are already in operation or preparing to come into operation:
- .aero -- restricted use by air transportation industry
- .biz -- general use by businesses
- .coop -- restricted use by cooperatives
- .info -- general use by both commercial and non-commercial sites
- .museum -- restricted use by museums
- .name -- general use by individuals
- .pro -- restricted use by certified professionals and professional entities
NOTE: Because the Internet was created in this country, "US" was not originally assigned to U.S. domain names; however, it is used to designate state and local government hosts, including many public schools. Other countries have their own two letter codes as the final part of their domain names, e.g., .uk for United Kingdom; .ca for Canada; .fr for France, etc.
For a list of Internet Country Codes, go to: ISO's list of Country Codes
DETERMINING PAGE AUTHORSHIP
You can tell a lot about the authenticity of a page by finding out all you can about its author/publisher.
Ask yourself this: Who is responsible for the page you are accessing? Is it a governmental agency or other official source? A university? A business, corporation or other commercial interest? An individual? As a rule of thumb, you can generally rely on the GOV and EDU hostnames to present accurate information. The NET, ORG, MIL, and COM domains are more likely to host pages with their own personal or organizational agendas and might require additional verification.
CHECKING THE VITAL INFORMATION
A reputable Web page will usually provide you with the following information:
- Last date page updated
- Mail-to link for questions, comments
- Name, address, telephone number, and email address of page owner
Now ask yourself this: If the page owner is not readily recognizable, does he provide you with credentials or some information on his sources or authority?
CHECKING THE CONTENT
On the web, each individual can be his/her own publisher, and many are. Don't accept everything you read just because it's printed on a web page. Unlike scholarly books and journal articles, web sites are seldom reviewed or refereed. It's up to you to check for bias and to determine objectivity. Who sponsors the page? The Flat Earth Society? Hmmm ...... Who is linking to the page, and what links to other pages does the page itself maintain?
Look to see if the page owner tells you when the page was last updated. Is the information current? Can it be verified at other, similar sites?
Try to distinguish between promotion, advertising, and serious content. This is getting to be more difficult, as an increasing number of pages must look to commercial support for their continuance.
Watch out for deliberate frauds and hoaxes. Some folks really enjoy playing games on the Web. Take a look at these two Web pages:
ASSESSING WEB PAGE STABILITY
There is no way to freeze a web page in time. Unlike the print world with its publication dates, editions, ISBN numbers, etc., web pages are fluid. There's no bibliographic control on the web. The page you cite today may be altered or revised tomorrow, or it might disappear completely. The page owner might or might not acknowledge the changes and, if he relocates the page, might or might not leave a forwarding address.
Try to assess the stability of the pages you reference. Again, one of the best ways to do this is to look closely at the page sponsor, last date updated, and the authority of the author(s).
When you are writing a paper and using web pages as source material, keep a backup of what you find on the web, (either as a printout or saved to disk) so that you can verify your sources later on if need be.
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ASSIGNMENT:
Go to the following websites and try to evaluate them using the criteria given above:
General Longstreet Recognition Project
Mandota University |
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STARTING OUT
It's always a good idea to THINK about your search before you begin. Create a search strategy in your head by asking yourself this question:
What do I want to do?
- Browse?
- Locate a specific piece of information?
- Retrieve everything I can on the subject?
Your answer will determine how you conduct your search and what tools you will use.
- If you're browsing and trying to determine what's available in your subject area, start out by selecting a subject directory like Yahoo! Then, enter your search keyword(s) into one of the mega-search engines, such as Ixquick, just to see what's out there.
- If you're looking for a specific piece of information, go to a major search engine such as Fast (All the Web) Search or Google, or to a specialized database such as Voice of the Shuttle (for humanities research) or the Bureau of the Census (for statistics).
- If you want to retrieve everything you can on a subject, try the same search on several search engines. Also, don't forget to check resources off the Web, such as books, newspapers, journals and other print reference sources.
DEFAULTS, AND OTHER STUFF
In your search statement, if you enter more than one keyword without using any accompanying sign, mark or symbol (see Lesson 7 and Lesson 8 for explanations and examples), the search engine will automatically add either the AND or the OR conjunction to link your search terms together. This could radically alter your search in unexpected ways. Be sure you know the defaults (basic settings) of the search engine you are using, as this could explain why your search results may not be what you expected them to be.
Strange things can happen for other reasons as well. Sometimes the relevance ranking systems that search engines use (and which they are reluctant to reveal), can throw off your search by ignoring some of the words in your search statement. This might happen when the search engine recognizes your string of separate keywords as a phrase in its list of pre-determined phrases or when it is responding to its own internal list of "stop words" (see below). Whatever the case, you may never know the real reason why your search retrieves so many irrelevant responses.
STOP WORDS
Stop words are words that many search engines DON'T stop for when searching texts and titles on the web. In fact, in order to cut down on response time, these engines routinely ignore stop words, i.e., small and common words, such as parts of speech (adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, or forms of "to be"). Examples include: a, an, and, as, at, be, if, into, it, of, on, or, the, to, with, etc. Not all search engines recognize the same stop words. In addition, their lists can and do change frequently. If you initiate a search at a site that maintains a list of stop words and you type any of those words into your search statement (even in phrases surrounded by quotes), they will be ignored. The exception to this is the Google search engine, which has a stop word list but recognizes stop words within phrases surrounded by quotation marks, e.g., "to be or not to be" or "what you see is what you get".
CREATING A SEARCH STATEMENT
When structuring your query, keep the following tips in mind:
- Be specific
EXAMPLE: Dublin Core metadata
- Whenever possible, use nouns and objects as keywords
EXAMPLE: Hurricane Hugo
- Put most important terms first in your keyword list; to ensure that they will be searched, put a +sign in front of each one
EXAMPLE: +hybrid +electric +gas +vehicles
- Use at least three keywords in your query
EXAMPLE: vitamins drugs interaction
- Combine keywords, whenever possible, into phrases
EXAMPLE: "search engine tutorial"
- Avoid common words, e.g., green, unless they're part of a phrase
EXAMPLE: "green tea"
- Think about words you'd expect to find in the body of the page, and use them as keywords
EXAMPLE: anorexia bulimia eating disorder
- Write down your search statement and revise it before you type it into a search engine query box
EXAMPLE: "college savings plans" "Section 529" +state +sponsored
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ASSIGNMENT:
Select a search engine, and try searching the following keywords in this order:
- Woodstock
- Woodstock 1969
- Woodstock 1969 Grateful Dead
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QUICK TIPS |
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| NOTE: These tips will work with most search engines in their basic search option. |
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- Use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs in front of words to force their inclusion and/or exclusion in searches.
EXAMPLE: +anorexia -bulimia
(NO space between the sign and the keyword)
- Use double quotation marks (" ") around phrases to ensure they are searched exactly as is, with the words side by side in the same order.
EXAMPLE: "Bye bye Miss American Pie"
(Do NOT put quotation marks around a single word.)
- Put your most important keywords first in the string.
EXAMPLE: +hybrid electric gas vehicle
- Type keywords and phrases in lower case to find both lower and upper case versions. Typing capital letters will usually return only an exact match.
EXAMPLE: president retrieves both president and President
- Use truncation and wildcards (e.g., *) to look for variations in spelling and word form.
EXAMPLE: librar* returns library, libraries, librarian, etc.
- Combine phrases with keywords, using the double quotes and the plus (+) and/or minus (-) signs.
EXAMPLE: +"lung cancer" +bronchitis -smoking
(In this case, if you use a keyword with a +sign, you must put the +sign in front of the phrase as well. When searching for a phrase alone, the +sign is not necessary.)
- When searching a document for the location of your keyword(s), use the "find" command on that page.
- Know the default (basic) settings your search engine uses (OR or AND). This will have an effect on how you configure your search statement because, if you don't use any signs (+, - " "), the engine will default to its own settings.
- Know whether or not the search engine you are using maintains a stop word list. If it does, don't use known stop words in your search statement. Also, consider trying your search on another engine that does not recognize stop words.
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| QUICK TPIS FOR BOOLEAN SEARCHES |
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- In Boolean searches, always enclose OR statements in parentheses.
EXAMPLE: "financial aid" AND (college OR university)
- Always use CAPS when typing Boolean operators in your search statements. Most engines require that the operators (AND, OR, AND NOT/NOT) be capitalized. Other engines will accept either CAPS or lower case, so you're on safe ground if you stick to CAPS.
EXAMPLE: "eating disorder" AND (bulimia OR anorexia)
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| ASSIGNMENT: |
| Choose one of the EXAMPLES from above and try it as a search on the "advanced" page of the search engine of your choice. |
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| WHAT'S A "BOOLEAN"? |
| Boolean logic takes its name from British mathematician George Boole (1815-1864), who wrote about a system of logic designed to produce better search results by formulating precise queries. He called it the "calculus of thought." From his writings, we have derived Boolean logic and its operators: AND, OR, and NOT, which we use to link words and phrases for more precise queries. |
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| BOOLEAN "AND" |
| The Boolean AND narrows your search by retrieving only documents that contain every one of the keywords you enter. The more terms you enter, the narrower your search becomes. |
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| EXAMPLE: truth AND justice |
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| EXAMPLE: truth AND justice AND ethics AND congress |
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| BOOLEAN "OR" |
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| The Boolean OR expands your search by returning documents in which either or both keywords appear. Since the OR operator is usually used for keywords that are similar or synonymous, the more keywords you enter, the more documents you will retrieve. |
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EXAMPLE: college OR university
EXAMPLE: college OR university OR campus OR higher education |
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| BOOLEAN "NOT" / "AND NOT" |
| The Boolean NOT or AND NOT limits your search by returning only your first keyword but not the second, even if the first word appears in that document, too. |
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EXAMPLE: bulimia AND NOT anorexia
EXAMPLE: cowboys AND NOT dallas |
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| NESTING -- WITH BOOLEAN OPERATORS |
| Nesting, i.e., using parentheses, is an effective way to combine several search statements into one search statement. Use parentheses to separate keywords when you are using more than one operator and three or more keywords. |
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| EXAMPLE: (scotch OR bourbon) AND NOT (beer OR wine) |
| (For best results, always enclose OR statements in parentheses.) |
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| BOOLEAN LOGIC REDUX |
Boolean logic is not always simple or easy. Different search engines handle Boolean operators differently. For example, some accept NOT, while one accepts ANDNOT as one word, others AND NOT as two words. Some require the operators to be typed in capital letters while others do not.
Some search engines use drop-down menu options to spell out the Boolean logic in short phrases. For example, "All of the words" or "Must contain" equates to AND; "Any of the words" or "Should contain" equates to OR; and "Must not contain" equates to NOT. |
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| IMPLIED BOOLEAN OPERATORS |
| Implied Boolean operators use the plus (+) and minus (-) symbols in place of the full Boolean operators, AND and NOT. Typing a (+) or (-) sign in front of a word will force the inclusion or exclusion of that word in the search statement. |
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| EXAMPLE: +bulimia -anorexia |
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| Similarly, putting double quotation marks (" ") around two or more words will force them to be searched as a phrase in that exact order. |
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| EXAMPLE: "green tea" |
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| While full Boolean operators are usually accepted only in the advanced search option of search engines, implied Boolean operators are accepted in the basic search options of most search engines. |
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| PROXIMITY OPERATORS |
| Proximity, or positional, operators (NEAR, ADJ, SAME, FBY) are not really part of Boolean logic, but they serve a similar function in formulating search statements. |
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| Not all search engines accept proximity operators, but a few accept NEAR in their advanced search option. The NEAR operator allows you to search for terms situated within a specified distance of each other in any order. The closer they are, the higher the document appears in the results list. Using NEAR, when possible, in place of the Boolean AND usually returns more relevant results. |
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EXAMPLE: phylogeny NEAR ontogeny
EXAMPLE: de Vere NEAR Shakespeare |
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| Even fewer search engines accept ADJ (adjacent to). ADJ works as a phrase except that the two terms, which must appear adjacent to each other in the webpage, can appear in any order. |
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EXAMPLE: Ernest ADJ Hemingway
EXAMPLE: endangered ADJ species |
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returns both Ernest Hemingway and Hemingway Ernest; endangered species and species endangered.
Other proximity operators, such as SAME (keywords found in the same field) and FBY (followed by), are used as advanced searching techniques in library and other specialized databases that contain bibliographic citations or references to journal articles, but are not yet employed by search engines. |
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ASSIGNMENT:
Choose one of the EXAMPLES from above and try it as a search on the "advanced" page of the search engine of your choice.
HINT: On some engines, you may have to select "Exact phrase," "Any of the words," "Must contain," etc. You may also have to indicate if it's a Boolean search. |
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WHAT IS FIELD SEARCHING?
Electronic records, like print records, are organized into separate fields. A typical web page is composed of the following major fields: title, domain, host (or site), URL, and link. When information is entered into a record's field, some search engines allow you to retrieve it by using the correct field label in combination with your search term(s). Where available, field searching on the Web is a very powerful tool. It allows you to specify exactly where you want the search engine to look in the Web document.
TITLE SEARCHING
The title appears in the blue banner at the very top of your browser's window. If you know the subject of a page, it's a good bet that important words describing that subject will appear within its title. Searching for a keyword in the title field, rather than as a keyword alone, will very likely produce more relevant responses.
EXAMPLE: title:"web search tutorial"
returns pages that have these words in the title. (Title searches don't work very well with one word title entries.)
DOMAIN SEARCHING
If you are seeking information from a particular kind of site, you may choose to limit your field search to one of the current top level domains (see below):
- edu -- educational site
- com -- commercial business site
- gov -- U.S. governmental/non-military site
- mil -- U.S. military sites and agencies
- net -- networks, internet service providers, organizations
- org -- U.S. non-profit organizations and others
EXAMPLE: domain:edu AND "On the Origin of Species" AND Darwin AND paleontology
limits your search to educational sites dealing with Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution.
Several search engines, in their advanced search option, allow you to limit your search to a specific domain by the use of drop-down menus. One, SearchEdu, does it for you by limiting its basic search option to the .edu domain exclusively.
If you are seeking information from a particular international domain, you may choose to search the domain geographically using the two-letter country code.
EXAMPLE: domain:UK AND "Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford"
which limits your search to sites in the United Kingdom dealing with the Shakespearean authorship question.
NOTE: Because the Internet was created in this country, US was not originally assigned as a country letter code to U.S. domain names; however, it is used to designate state and local government hosts, including many public schools and some community colleges. Other countries have their own two letter codes as the final part of their hostnames, e.g., UK for United Kingdom; CA for Canada; FR for France, etc.
For a list of Internet Country Codes, go to: ISO's List of Country Codes
HOST (OR SITE) SEARCHING
If you are seeking information that resides on a specific computer or server, you can narrow your search with a "host" or "site" query.
EXAMPLE: host:www.sc.edu
returns pages hosted at the University of South Carolina.
URL SEARCHING
If you are seeking a specific file, and that file's name is part of the host site's URL, you may find it more quickly by choosing a URL search.
EXAMPLE: url:bck2skol
returns sites in which the filename, bck2skol, (my old course for Internet "newbies") is incorporated into the URL.
LINK SEARCHING
If you have a web page and would like to know who is linking to it, or if you would like to see who is linking to a particular page of interest, you may choose a LINK search.
EXAMPLE: link:www.bscc.edu/library_orientation.php
returns pages with links to this tutorial.
IMAGE SEARCHING
If you want to find a particular image on the web, you may choose an IMAGE search. You will need to specify the image by name, which works well if the name is part of the image file name. If not, you may miss that particular image altogether.
EXAMPLE: IMAGE:dog.gif
OTHER FIELDS
Other searchable fields include anchor, applet, object, text, language, sound, pictures, and date. Date is a difficult one because, depending upon the engine, a field search on the date may return the date created, the last date the page was updated, or the date the page was "spidered."
NOTE: Some field terms are written as complete words, some only consist of a letter or two (e.g., title: or t: / url: or u:). In all field searching situations, however, the field term or field term letters are followed by a colon and then the first keyword. Do not leave any spaces between the field term, the colon, and the first keyword. |
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ASSIGNMENT:
Choose one of the EXAMPLES from above and try it as a search on the "advanced" page of Alta Vista or any other search engine that supports field searching. |
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